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The Revival of Iron Age: Iron Emerges as Key Player in Energy Storage Revolution

by Krystal

After centuries of being overshadowed, the Iron Age is poised for a resurgence, thanks to the ongoing energy transition. Iron, a fundamental element, is now taking center stage in new large-scale, long-duration energy storage platforms, promising to bolster renewable energy integration into the grid and enhance resiliency during periods of intermittent generation.

The Need for New Energy Storage Platforms

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While lithium-ion battery arrays have dominated the energy storage landscape, providing short-term solutions for grid stabilization and emergency backup power, the focus is shifting towards longer-duration storage technologies. The US Department of Energy’s launch of the $75 million Grid Storage Launchpad underscores the urgency to develop energy storage solutions capable of lasting at least 10 hours, catering to the growing deployment of intermittent renewable energy resources.

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The Challenge of Long-Duration Storage

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Current lithium-ion technologies, exemplified by projects like the Moss Landing lithium-ion battery array in California, fall short in providing extended discharge durations necessary for a grid inundated with renewables. The Energy Department stresses the importance of stretching storage duration while simultaneously reducing costs by leveraging Earth-abundant materials to mitigate supply chain risks and environmental concerns.

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Iron Enters the Fray

The resurgence of iron in the energy storage sector marks a significant shift. Iron-based flow batteries, pioneered by companies like ESS, are gaining traction as promising alternatives to traditional lithium-ion systems. These flow batteries harness the chemical properties of iron to generate electricity through the flow of specialized fluids, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness.

Form Energy, another US firm, is advancing iron-air battery technology, leveraging iron’s ability to rust and reformulate. This innovative approach holds promise for long-duration energy storage, with Form Energy establishing its first factory in West Virginia to commercialize its iron-air battery platform.

The Future Outlook

As the energy landscape evolves, iron-based energy storage solutions are poised to play a pivotal role in supporting renewable energy integration and enhancing grid stability. With ongoing advancements and strategic collaborations, the resurgence of iron in the energy sector signals a transformative shift towards sustainable and resilient energy systems.

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