When storing fuel for emergency situations, outdoor activities, or even for longer-term storage purposes, it’s essential to know how long fuel lasts in a jerry can. Fuel storage can be a tricky subject since various factors, including the type of fuel, the storage environment, and the condition of the container, all play significant roles in determining its shelf life. This article explores how long fuel lasts in a jerry can, the factors that affect fuel longevity, and best practices for storing fuel in jerry cans.
Understanding Fuel Shelf Life
The lifespan of fuel in a jerry can depends largely on the type of fuel stored, as different fuels degrade at different rates. Let’s break down how long common types of fuel last in a jerry can.
1. Types of Fuel and Their Shelf Life
There are several types of fuel commonly stored in jerry cans. These include gasoline (petrol), diesel, kerosene, and propane. Each type of fuel has its unique properties that influence its shelf life.
Gasoline (Petrol)
Gasoline is one of the most commonly stored fuels. The shelf life of gasoline is typically between three to six months when stored in a jerry can under ideal conditions. Over time, gasoline begins to degrade and lose its volatility. This can lead to difficulties in starting engines and a decrease in fuel efficiency.
Factors Affecting Gasoline Shelf Life:
Oxidation: When gasoline reacts with air (oxygen), it can form gum and varnish, which can clog fuel systems.
Ethanol Content: Many modern gasoline blends contain ethanol, which absorbs moisture and accelerates degradation, reducing shelf life.
Temperature: Storing gasoline in a hot environment accelerates the chemical breakdown process.
Diesel
Diesel has a longer shelf life than gasoline, typically ranging from six months to one year in a jerry can. However, diesel also degrades over time, particularly when exposed to air and moisture.
Factors Affecting Diesel Shelf Life:
Microbial Growth: Diesel fuel can develop microbial growth (bacteria or fungi) in the presence of water. This is known as “diesel bug,” which can clog fuel lines and filters.
Temperature: Like gasoline, high temperatures can speed up degradation, but diesel is more stable in cooler conditions.
Water Contamination: Diesel fuel is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs water from the air. This can lead to water separation in the tank, leading to potential corrosion in fuel systems.
Kerosene
Kerosene, often used for heating or in jet engines, typically lasts up to one year in a jerry can. Like gasoline and diesel, its shelf life can be shortened by exposure to oxygen and moisture.
Factors Affecting Kerosene Shelf Life:
Moisture: Kerosene can absorb moisture, which can lead to contamination and lower its burning efficiency.
Temperature: Kerosene should be stored in a cool, dry place to ensure its longevity.
Propane
Unlike liquid fuels, propane is stored as a gas under pressure and has an indefinite shelf life as long as it remains in a sealed, undamaged container. Propane in jerry cans or cylinders can last for many years without degrading.
2. Key Factors Influencing Fuel Shelf Life in a Jerry Can
Now that we’ve discussed the shelf life of different fuels, let’s look at the critical factors that influence how long fuel lasts in a jerry can.
Storage Conditions
One of the most important factors influencing the longevity of fuel is how and where it is stored. The right storage environment can significantly extend the shelf life of fuel.
Temperature
Fuel should be stored in a cool, dry place. Exposure to high temperatures can cause fuel to degrade more quickly, particularly for gasoline and diesel. On the other hand, freezing temperatures will not significantly affect diesel fuel but may cause gasoline to form gums or other by-products that can clog engines.
Air and Oxygen
Oxidation occurs when fuel reacts with oxygen. In an open container, oxygen can enter the fuel and accelerate its degradation. Storing fuel in airtight containers like a well-sealed jerry can will limit exposure to oxygen, helping to preserve its quality.
Moisture
Water contamination is a common issue in fuel storage. Moisture can enter fuel containers through condensation or by exposure to humid air. For gasoline, moisture leads to phase separation, while for diesel, it can promote microbial growth. Ensuring that the jerry can is sealed and stored in a dry environment helps to prevent moisture contamination.
Container Quality and Seal
The quality of the jerry can itself can play a crucial role in the fuel’s shelf life. A well-maintained jerry can with a tight-fitting, secure cap will reduce the risk of contamination from air or moisture.
Material of the Jerry Can
Jerry cans are usually made of metal or plastic. Metal cans tend to provide better protection against sunlight and oxygen, whereas plastic cans are lighter but may allow small amounts of air to enter, especially if they are not tightly sealed.
Seal and Cap
Ensure the jerry can’s seal is intact and the cap is securely fastened. A compromised seal allows air and moisture to enter, which can rapidly degrade the fuel.
3. Best Practices for Storing Fuel in a Jerry Can
To ensure the maximum shelf life for fuel stored in jerry cans, there are several key practices to follow.
Proper Storage Location
Store fuel in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. A shed or garage with proper ventilation is ideal. Avoid storing fuel in areas where it could be exposed to extreme temperatures or moisture.
Use Stabilizers for Gasoline
Gasoline can benefit from fuel stabilizers, which help extend its shelf life. A stabilizer can prolong the shelf life of gasoline up to 12 months or even longer. Simply follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct dosage of stabilizer to ensure the fuel stays fresh.
Avoid Storing Fuel for Long Periods
While it’s tempting to stockpile large quantities of fuel, it’s important to rotate your fuel reserves regularly. Use older fuel for other purposes, such as lawnmowers or generators, and replace it with fresh fuel to ensure you’re always working with fuel that’s in good condition.
Check Fuel Regularly
Even if you follow best practices, it’s a good idea to periodically check the condition of your stored fuel. Look for signs of degradation, such as discoloration, foul smells, or water accumulation. If you notice any of these, it may be time to dispose of the fuel and replace it with fresh fuel.
Labeling and Rotation
When you store fuel in jerry cans, it’s helpful to label each container with the date it was filled. This practice helps you keep track of the fuel’s age and ensures that you use the oldest fuel first (FIFO – First In, First Out method).
Using High-Quality Jerry Cans
Investing in high-quality jerry cans with airtight seals is essential for long-term storage. Choose containers that are specifically designed for fuel storage and meet safety regulations. Ensure the cans are not damaged, as a punctured or rusted can compromise fuel integrity.
4. Signs That Fuel in a Jerry Can Has Gone Bad
It’s important to be able to identify when fuel has gone bad, as using degraded fuel can damage engines and other equipment.
Gasoline
Foul Odor: Gasoline that has gone bad often develops a sour or varnish-like smell.
Discoloration: Gasoline that has aged beyond its shelf life may turn darker in color.
Gum or Sediment: If you notice sticky substances or sediment at the bottom of the can, the fuel has likely degraded.
Diesel
Unusual Smell: Diesel that has gone bad may emit a sour or musty smell.
Cloudiness or Water Separation: Contaminated diesel may appear cloudy or separate into layers, with water pooling at the bottom of the container.
Microbial Growth: Signs of mold or bacteria growth may appear in the fuel.
Kerosene
Odor: Kerosene that has spoiled may emit a strong, unpleasant odor.
Cloudy Appearance: A cloudy appearance is often a sign of contamination in kerosene.
Conclusion
The shelf life of fuel in a jerry can varies depending on the type of fuel, storage conditions, and container quality. Gasoline typically lasts three to six months, diesel lasts up to one year, kerosene lasts up to one year, and propane can last indefinitely in sealed containers. By following proper storage practices, such as keeping fuel in a cool, dry place and using high-quality jerry cans, you can significantly extend the life of your stored fuel and ensure it remains usable when needed.
Regularly check your stored fuel for signs of degradation and rotate your reserves to ensure you always have fresh fuel on hand. With proper care, your fuel storage can be reliable and efficient for extended periods.
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